Beginning or continuing an exercise routine during pregnancy can offer tremendous physical and mental health benefits. From improving energy and sleep to reducing common pregnancy discomforts like back pain and swelling, physical activity can help support a healthier, more comfortable pregnancy. However, not all workouts are suitable for all pregnant individuals, and safety must always come first. Understanding how to begin a prenatal fitness routine safely can help you move with confidence throughout each trimester.

Highlights

• Most people with low-risk pregnancies can safely exercise with their provider’s approval.
• Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga are generally safe and effective.
• Staying hydrated and avoiding overheating are key during workouts.
• Exercise can improve mood, reduce back pain, and support healthy weight gain.
• Movements that require balance or involve lying flat on the back after the first trimester should be modified.

Is Exercise Safe During Pregnancy?

For the majority of people with uncomplicated pregnancies, exercise is not only safe—it’s recommended. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) advises aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, ideally spread out over several days. However, every pregnancy is different, so it’s important to get clearance from your healthcare provider before starting or continuing any exercise routine. People with certain conditions—like preeclampsia, placenta previa, or risk of preterm labor—may need to limit or avoid physical activity.

Choosing the Right Activities

Low-impact exercises are ideal during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters when the body is adjusting to extra weight and a shifting center of gravity. Good choices include:

• Walking: A simple way to stay active with minimal risk.
• Swimming or water aerobics: The buoyancy reduces joint stress and swelling.
• Prenatal yoga or stretching: Helps with flexibility, posture, and relaxation.
• Stationary cycling: Provides cardiovascular benefits with less risk of falling.
  These activities help increase endurance, strengthen muscles needed for labor, and support better circulation. It’s usually best to avoid contact sports, high-risk activities like skiing or horseback riding, and any exercise with a high fall risk.

Listening to Your Body

Pregnancy changes your body’s response to physical exertion. You may become winded more quickly, tire faster, or experience shifting balance. It’s important to exercise with a “talk test” in mind: you should be able to carry on a conversation while working out. Watch for signs to stop exercising immediately, including dizziness, shortness of breath before starting, vaginal bleeding, chest pain, or fluid leakage. Always warm up before activity and cool down afterward to reduce strain and allow your heart rate to return to normal.

Adjusting as Pregnancy Progresses

As the baby grows, certain movements may become uncomfortable or unsafe. Lying flat on your back after the first trimester can reduce blood flow and should be avoided or modified. Core work is still important but should be adapted using safer positions like hands-and-knees or side-lying exercises. Gentle strength training is often safe but avoid heavy lifting or breath-holding. Balance may also be affected later in pregnancy, so it’s wise to choose stable environments and consider support like a wall, chair, or rail when needed.

Emotional and Physical Benefits

In addition to physical perks like reduced swelling, improved digestion, and enhanced stamina, regular exercise can be a major mood booster. It can help reduce anxiety and depression symptoms, support better sleep, and increase confidence in the body’s ability to handle labor and delivery. Many pregnant individuals find that movement becomes a time for personal connection, mindfulness, or simply an outlet for tension.

Starting a prenatal exercise routine is a powerful way to support your health and well-being throughout pregnancy—but safety should always guide your approach. By choosing suitable activities, modifying movements as needed, and working closely with your healthcare provider, you can build a sustainable, safe routine that benefits both you and your growing baby.

The second trimester of pregnancy, spanning weeks 13 to 27, is often considered the most comfortable phase. For many, the intense fatigue and nausea of the first trimester begin to fade, replaced by a noticeable baby bump and renewed energy. However, this period also brings a variety of physical and emotional changes as the baby grows rapidly and the body adjusts to support development. Understanding what to expect can help you feel more confident and prepared as your pregnancy progresses.

Highlights

• A growing uterus and baby bump become more visible, often relieving early pregnancy discomforts.
• Hormonal changes can lead to skin changes, nasal congestion, and increased hair growth.
• Common discomforts include back pain, round ligament pain, and increased vaginal discharge.
• Emotional well-being may improve, but mood swings and anxiety can still occur.
• Prenatal checkups in this trimester often include anatomy scans and glucose screenings.

Visible Growth and a Shifting Center of Gravity

One of the most noticeable changes during the second trimester is the growth of the uterus, which expands upward and outward to accommodate the baby. This results in a visible baby bump that many expectant parents eagerly anticipate. As your abdomen expands, your posture and balance begin to shift. This may cause changes in how you walk and can contribute to discomfort in your lower back or pelvis. Additionally, weight gain accelerates in this trimester, averaging around 1 pound per week, depending on individual factors and healthcare guidance.

Skin and Hair Changes Due to Hormones

Hormonal changes continue to influence many parts of the body during this time. Increased blood flow and hormone production can lead to the “pregnancy glow,” a healthy, flushed look due to increased oil production and circulation. However, these same changes may also cause acne or sensitivity in some people. A dark line, called the linea nigra, may appear running from the pubic bone to the belly button. You might also notice areas of darkened skin on your face, known as melasma or “the mask of pregnancy.” Hair often becomes thicker and shinier, while nail growth may speed up.

New Aches and Physical Sensations

As the uterus grows and stretches, many people experience round ligament pain—sharp or cramping sensations in the lower abdomen or groin area. Back pain is another common complaint, often related to both weight gain and the loosening of ligaments due to the hormone relaxin. Increased vaginal discharge is also typical in this trimester and helps protect against infections. However, any unusual odor, color, or itching should be brought to your provider’s attention. You may also begin to feel your baby move, often described as flutters or bubbles, which is one of the most exciting milestones of the second trimester.

Shifting Emotions and Mental Health

Many pregnant individuals report improved mood and energy levels during the second trimester. Hormones may stabilize somewhat, allowing for better emotional regulation compared to the first trimester. However, it’s still common to experience mood swings, anxiety, or concerns about the future. This is a good time to explore prenatal classes, seek support groups, or talk with a mental health professional if needed. Bonding with your baby may also begin to deepen as movements are felt and the reality of pregnancy becomes more tangible.

Medical Milestones and Monitoring

Several important prenatal screenings occur during this stage. The mid-pregnancy anatomy ultrasound, typically performed around 18–22 weeks, checks the baby’s organs, limbs, and overall growth. This scan can often determine the baby’s sex, if desired. Many healthcare providers also schedule a glucose screening between weeks 24 and 28 to check for gestational diabetes. As your body changes, your provider may also monitor for early signs of complications like preeclampsia or anemia, and will continue to track your weight, blood pressure, and overall well-being.

The second trimester is often a welcome relief after the challenges of early pregnancy, but it comes with its own set of physical and emotional changes. From skin shifts to ligament pain, every symptom is part of your body’s remarkable effort to nurture new life. Staying informed and attending regular prenatal visits helps ensure a healthy, supported journey through this exciting phase.

Morning sickness, despite its name, can strike at any time of the day and affects up to 70% of pregnant women. It typically begins around the sixth week of pregnancy and may last through the first trimester, although for some, it can extend much longer. While the exact cause isn’t entirely understood, hormonal changes—particularly increases in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen—are believed to play a major role. For many, morning sickness is manageable with lifestyle changes and natural remedies, allowing them to find relief without relying on medication.

Highlights

• Eating small, frequent meals helps stabilize blood sugar and reduce nausea.
• Ginger, whether in tea, lozenges, or capsules, has proven anti-nausea properties.
• Vitamin B6 supplementation can significantly reduce symptoms in some individuals.
• Staying hydrated with electrolyte-rich fluids helps offset nausea-related dehydration.
• Avoiding triggers like strong smells, spicy foods, and excessive screen time can prevent worsening of symptoms.

Eat Small, Frequent Meals

One of the most effective strategies for managing morning sickness is to avoid letting your stomach become too empty or too full. An empty stomach can make nausea worse, so eating small, frequent meals every 2–3 hours helps keep blood sugar levels stable. Dry foods like crackers or toast are often tolerated better first thing in the morning. Many women find that starting the day with a bland snack before getting out of bed can reduce early nausea. Combining protein and complex carbohydrates—for example, peanut butter on whole-grain toast—can also provide long-lasting energy and minimize symptoms.

Incorporate Ginger

Ginger has been widely studied for its anti-nausea effects and is one of the most recommended natural remedies for morning sickness. It is believed to work by acting on the digestive system and central nervous system to calm the stomach. Ginger tea, ginger ale made with real ginger, ginger candies, and even ginger capsules are common ways to incorporate it. Studies have found that taking 1 gram of ginger daily, split into smaller doses, can significantly reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy without adverse effects on the baby.

Try Vitamin B6 Supplements

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has been shown in multiple studies to help reduce nausea in pregnancy, and it is often recommended as a first-line treatment by healthcare providers. A common dose is 10 to 25 mg three times a day, although it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before beginning any supplementation. B6 is also found in foods like bananas, avocados, nuts, and fortified cereals, making these excellent dietary choices for managing symptoms.

Stay Hydrated with the Right Fluids

Nausea and vomiting can quickly lead to dehydration, which in turn can make symptoms worse. Sipping water slowly throughout the day, especially between meals rather than during, can help maintain hydration without triggering nausea. Electrolyte-rich drinks such as coconut water, electrolyte powders mixed into water, or even broths can be helpful alternatives if plain water is unpalatable. Popsicles made from 100% fruit juice or electrolyte solutions can also serve as a gentle hydration option.

Avoid Common Triggers

Identifying and avoiding nausea triggers can make a noticeable difference in how severe and frequent symptoms are. Common triggers include strong smells (like cooking meat, perfumes, or cleaning products), spicy or greasy foods, and even flickering screens or motion (such as while in a car). Keeping a symptom diary can help identify personal triggers. Wearing wristbands that apply pressure to specific acupressure points, such as the P6 point on the wrist, has also shown modest success in reducing nausea for some people.

Morning sickness is one of the more uncomfortable but common parts of early pregnancy. Thankfully, there are many natural approaches that can provide relief. With a combination of dietary changes, gentle supplementation, and self-awareness around personal triggers, many women can ease their symptoms and feel more in control during the first trimester. However, if vomiting becomes severe or persistent, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to rule out hyperemesis gravidarum, a more serious condition.

Good nutrition during the earliest stages of pregnancy — and even before conception — plays a crucial role in the health of both mother and baby. Among the most vital nutrients during this time is folic acid, a B vitamin that supports early neural development and can prevent major birth defects. While prenatal health may seem to begin with a positive pregnancy test, the truth is that what a person consumes in the weeks and months before conception sets the stage for a healthy pregnancy. Understanding the importance of folic acid and foundational nutrition can help expectant parents make informed, impactful choices early on.

Highlights

• Folic acid can prevent up to 70% of serious neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
• Early nutrition influences lifelong health outcomes for the baby, including brain development, immunity, and metabolic function.
• Folic acid should be taken before conception and during early pregnancy, ideally at least one month before trying to conceive.
• Many women of reproductive age do not get enough folic acid through diet alone, which is why supplements are recommended.
• A balanced early pregnancy diet includes iron, calcium, omega-3s, and protein, in addition to folic acid, to support fetal growth.

Why Folic Acid Matters

Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in the development of the baby’s neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord. The neural tube typically forms within the first 28 days of pregnancy — often before a person even realizes they’re pregnant. If the neural tube doesn’t close properly, it can result in conditions like spina bifida (incomplete spinal cord development) or anencephaly (a fatal condition involving incomplete brain development).

Research shows that taking 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily, ideally starting at least one month before conception, can significantly reduce the risk of these birth defects. For women with a history of neural tube defects or certain health conditions, doctors may recommend a higher dose.

Early Nutrition Sets the Stage

Beyond folic acid, overall early nutrition profoundly impacts pregnancy outcomes. The first trimester is a period of rapid cell growth and organ formation. Nutrients like iron (for blood supply), calcium (for bones and teeth), and omega-3 fatty acids (for brain and eye development) are vital building blocks during this time.

Poor early nutrition has been linked to low birth weight, developmental delays, and long-term issues such as chronic disease risk in adulthood. This concept, known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), emphasizes how prenatal exposures influence health far into the future.

Food Sources vs. Supplements

While folic acid is found naturally in foods like leafy greens, beans, citrus fruits, and fortified grains, most people don’t consume enough to meet the recommended levels through diet alone. That’s why prenatal vitamins containing folic acid are widely advised for women of reproductive age, especially since nearly half of all pregnancies are unplanned.

Even those not actively trying to conceive should consider taking folic acid supplements if they are of childbearing age, since neural tube development begins so early in pregnancy.

Supporting a Healthy Start

Folic acid is just one piece of the early nutrition puzzle. A nutrient-rich diet, stable blood sugar levels, and hydration all support a healthier pregnancy and fetal development. Women are encouraged to avoid alcohol, limit caffeine, and reduce exposure to certain environmental toxins during this time.

In addition, managing stress, getting adequate sleep, and engaging in regular physical activity (with healthcare guidance) can help prepare the body for the demands of pregnancy.

Finding out you’re pregnant can be one of life’s most joyful and emotional moments. But once the initial excitement sets in, the next big question often arises: “When and how should I tell people?” From close family to coworkers, navigating pregnancy announcements can feel both exciting and a little overwhelming. The good news? There’s no right or wrong answer—just what feels right for you. Understanding the emotional, practical, and even cultural factors involved can help you make a thoughtful decision about when and how to share your news.

Highlights:

• Many people wait until after the first trimester to share widely due to reduced miscarriage risk.
• It’s okay to tell close family or friends early for emotional support.
• How you share the news can be as simple or creative as you want.
• Consider timing and privacy when telling your employer or coworkers.
• Trust your instincts—this is your news to share on your terms.

When to Tell People You’re Pregnant

1. First Trimester Considerations
   The most common time to start sharing a pregnancy is after 12 weeks, once the first trimester has ended. By this point, the risk of miscarriage drops significantly (to around 1–5% depending on various factors), which makes some people feel more comfortable announcing.
   However, this timeline isn’t a rule—it’s a personal choice. Some choose to share earlier to gain emotional or practical support, especially if they’re experiencing strong symptoms or if a loss would be easier to navigate with others aware. Others prefer privacy.
2. Close Family and Friends
   You might feel ready to tell immediate family and close friends as soon as you get a positive test. Sharing early can strengthen emotional support, especially with people you trust to be there through ups and downs. These early announcements are often shared one-on-one or during intimate gatherings, allowing room for emotional connection and conversation.
3. Telling a Partner
   If you’re in a relationship, your partner is likely the first person you’ll want to tell. Many people choose a personal and memorable way to share the news, such as writing a note, giving a small gift, or simply saying it during a quiet moment. No matter how you do it, it’s a milestone moment that sets the tone for your shared journey ahead.
4. Announcing at Work
   Deciding when and how to tell your employer is important for logistical and legal reasons. There’s no legal requirement to inform your workplace at a certain stage, but many choose to wait until the second trimester, especially if symptoms become noticeable or appointments need scheduling.
   When you’re ready, consider telling your supervisor privately first, followed by HR. Be clear about any needs you might have (like flexibility for medical visits), and familiarize yourself with your company’s maternity leave policy beforehand.
5. Public and Social Media Announcements
   Once you’ve told close loved ones and your employer, you may want to share more publicly, such as on social media. This is entirely optional—some people love documenting the journey, while others prefer keeping things private.
   Creative ideas include posting a sonogram, a photo with baby shoes, or a seasonal theme (like pumpkins or ornaments). Just be sure that everyone who should hear it personally already has—especially grandparents or best friends.

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to when and how you should share your pregnancy news. The best approach is one that feels safe, comfortable, and aligned with your values. Some may want to shout it from the rooftops at five weeks, while others wait quietly until well into the second trimester. Whether you choose a heartfelt conversation, a surprise reveal, or a social media post, remember: this is your story to tell. Make it meaningful in a way that reflects you.

The first trimester of pregnancy (weeks 1 to 12) is often filled with excitement—and a fair amount of discomfort. As your body rapidly adjusts to support your developing baby, you may experience a variety of physical and emotional symptoms. Understanding what’s normal and learning effective coping strategies can help you navigate this early phase with more confidence and ease.

Highlights:

• Fatigue and nausea are common due to hormonal shifts.
• Emotional ups and downs are normal—seek support if they feel overwhelming.
• Small meals and hydration can help manage morning sickness.
• Light exercise and rest are key for boosting energy.
• Always talk to your provider if symptoms feel severe or concerning.

Common First Trimester Symptoms and Coping Strategies

1. Fatigue
   Many pregnant people feel completely exhausted in the first trimester. This is largely due to rising levels of progesterone, increased metabolic demands, and emotional changes.

Coping Tips:

• Get plenty of rest—go to bed earlier and take short naps if needed.
• Stay hydrated and eat nutrient-dense snacks to maintain steady energy.
• Light exercise like walking or prenatal yoga can improve circulation and energy levels.

2. Nausea and Vomiting (Morning Sickness)
   Nausea, often referred to as morning sickness (though it can happen at any time of day), affects up to 80% of pregnant individuals in the first trimester. It’s thought to be caused by the surge in hormones like hCG and estrogen.

Coping Tips:

• Eat small, frequent meals instead of three large ones.
• Keep crackers by your bed and eat a few before getting up.
• Stay hydrated with sips of water, electrolyte drinks, or ginger tea.
• Ginger and vitamin B6 supplements may reduce symptoms (with your doctor’s approval).

3. Emotional Changes
   Mood swings, anxiety, and even early signs of depression can appear as your body adjusts to pregnancy hormones. These emotional shifts are completely normal, but they can be challenging.

Coping Tips:

• Talk to your partner, a trusted friend, or a therapist.
• Practice mindfulness, journaling, or deep breathing exercises.
• Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if feelings become overwhelming.

4. Breast Tenderness and Changes
   Hormonal changes make your breasts grow and feel tender, often as one of the earliest signs of pregnancy.

Coping Tips:

• Wear a supportive bra, even at night if needed.
• Choose soft fabrics that reduce friction.
• Applying a warm compress may help ease discomfort.

5. Frequent Urination
   Increased blood flow to the pelvic area and growing uterus pressure on the bladder may make you need to urinate more often.

Coping Tips:

• Don’t cut back on fluids—stay hydrated.
• Limit caffeine, which can increase urination.
• Empty your bladder fully each time you go to the bathroom.

6. Food Aversions and Cravings
   Many people find that foods they once loved suddenly make them gag, while odd cravings emerge. These are normal and typically fade as hormones balance out.

Coping Tips:

• Try bland, easy-to-digest foods if your usual diet is off-putting.
• Eat what you can tolerate, and aim for balanced meals as much as possible.
• Talk to a healthcare provider if food aversions limit your nutrition.

The first trimester brings major changes, both joyful and challenging. Knowing what to expect and having practical tools to manage symptoms can make a big difference in how you feel. If any symptom feels extreme or interferes with daily life, reach out to your healthcare provider. Every pregnancy is unique, and getting support early is a strong step toward a healthy journey ahead.

Pregnancy is one of the most talked-about and advice-filled experiences in a person’s life. Friends, family, social media and even strangers often offer opinions that may not always be accurate. While some beliefs are rooted in tradition or partial truths, many are flat-out myths. Misinformation can cause unnecessary stress or lead to poor decisions. Let’s clear the air by debunking 10 of the most common pregnancy myths with evidence-based facts.

Highlights:

• Not all cravings signal a nutritional need—many are hormonal or emotional.
• You can safely exercise during pregnancy with proper guidance.
• Heartburn doesn’t mean your baby will have lots of hair.
• Flying while pregnant is generally safe in most trimesters.
• You don’t have to “eat for two”—quality matters more than quantity.

Pregnancy Myths

1. Myth: You’re Eating for Two

Fact: While calorie needs do increase during pregnancy, they don’t double. Most people only need about 300–500 extra calories per day in the second and third trimesters. Overeating can lead to unnecessary weight gain and complications like gestational diabetes.

2. Myth: You Can’t Exercise While Pregnant

Fact: Moderate exercise is not only safe but beneficial during pregnancy. Activities like walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga can improve mood, reduce discomfort, and promote better sleep. Always consult your doctor before starting a new routine.

3. Myth: Heartburn Means Your Baby Will Have Lots of Hair

Fact: This myth actually has some scientific backing. A small study found a correlation between heartburn and newborns with more hair, possibly due to pregnancy hormones relaxing the esophagus. Still, it’s far from a guaranteed predictor.

4. Myth: Cravings Are Your Body Telling You What It Needs

Fact: Not necessarily. While some cravings might hint at nutritional deficiencies (like iron), most are driven by hormonal changes or emotional comfort. Craving pickles and ice cream doesn’t mean your body needs them!

5. Myth: You Can’t Dye Your Hair or Paint Your Nails

Fact: Most experts agree that using hair dye or nail polish occasionally is safe, especially after the first trimester. Just make sure the space is well-ventilated and avoid strong chemical fumes.

6. Myth: You Should Avoid All Caffeine

Fact: Moderate caffeine intake (about 200 mg/day, or one 12 oz cup of coffee) is considered safe during pregnancy. Excessive caffeine, however, may increase the risk of miscarriage or low birth weight.

7. Myth: Flying During Pregnancy Is Dangerous

Fact: Flying is generally safe for most healthy pregnant people up to around 36 weeks. However, it’s a good idea to move frequently and wear compression socks to prevent blood clots. Always check with your healthcare provider and the airline’s policies.

8. Myth: A High or Low Belly Reveals the Baby’s Gender

Fact: The shape or position of your belly is determined by factors like your muscle tone, baby’s position, and body type—not the baby’s sex. The only reliable ways to determine gender are ultrasounds and genetic testing.

9. Myth: You Can’t Have Sex During Pregnancy

Fact: Unless you have a high-risk pregnancy or your doctor advises against it, sex during pregnancy is generally safe. The baby is protected by the amniotic sac and strong uterine muscles.

10. Myth: Morning Sickness Only Happens in the Morning

Fact: Nausea can occur at any time of day. For some, it’s worse in the morning due to low blood sugar, but others may feel sick throughout the day. In severe cases (hyperemesis gravidarum), medical treatment may be needed.

Navigating pregnancy is challenging enough without outdated advice or misinformation. By understanding what’s myth and what’s fact, you can make informed choices that support your well-being and your baby’s health. Trust your healthcare provider, rely on evidence-based sources, and remember: every pregnancy is unique.

Pregnancy comes with lots of physical changes—some more uncomfortable than others. Whether you’re dealing with nausea, headaches, allergies or a cold, it’s natural to reach for relief. But when you’re pregnant, not all medications are safe. Understanding which over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs are generally considered safe—and which should be avoided—can help you manage symptoms without risking harm to your baby. Always consult your healthcare provider before taking any medication.

Highlights

• Not all medications are safe during pregnancy; even common OTC drugs can pose risks to fetal development.
• The first trimester is the most sensitive period for drug exposure, but medication risks exist throughout pregnancy.
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is generally considered safe for pain and fever, while NSAIDs like ibuprofen should be avoided, especially in the third trimester.
• Antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) are usually safe, but decongestants may carry risks depending on timing and formulation.
• Always consult your provider before starting or stopping any medication—what’s safe for one trimester may not be for another.

Safe Medications by Symptom Category

Pain and Fever

• Safe: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is the go-to option for pain relief and reducing fever. It is widely considered safe during all trimesters when used as directed.
• Avoid: NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and aspirin should be avoided, especially in the third trimester, as they may cause premature closure of a vessel in the baby’s heart and other complications.

Colds and Allergies

• Safe:
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) are older antihistamines generally considered safe.
  • Loratadine (Claritin) and cetirizine (Zyrtec) are second-generation antihistamines with good safety profiles during pregnancy.
  • Saline nasal sprays and humidifiers can provide non-medicinal relief for congestion.
• Use with caution: Decongestants like pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) may increase the risk of birth defects if used in the first trimester and should only be taken under medical advice. Avoid combination cold medications, as they often contain multiple ingredients.

Nausea and Morning Sickness

• Safe:
  • Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and doxylamine (an ingredient in Unisom) are considered first-line treatments for morning sickness and are often combined in prescription form (Diclegis).
  • Ginger supplements and acupressure bands offer non-drug options that may help.
• Avoid: Some anti-nausea medications used for chemotherapy or severe nausea (ondansetron/Zofran) may carry risks and should only be used if benefits outweigh potential harm.

Constipation and Heartburn

• Safe:
  • For constipation: Bulk-forming laxatives (Metamucil), stool softeners like docusate sodium (Colace), and occasional use of milk of magnesia.
  • For heartburn: Antacids like Tums (calcium carbonate) and H2 blockers like ranitidine (though some have been withdrawn) and famotidine (Pepcid) are generally considered safe.
• Avoid: Long-term use of stimulant laxatives and certain heartburn medications like sodium bicarbonate or magnesium trisilicate.

Infections

• Antibiotics: Some, like penicillin, cephalosporins, and erythromycin, are considered safe. Others, like tetracyclines, can harm fetal development (e.g., tooth discoloration, bone growth issues) and should be avoided.
• Antifungals and antivirals: Must be carefully selected—some topical antifungals are safe, but oral treatments may require closer medical supervision.

Medications to Always Avoid

• Isotretinoin (Accutane): Used for acne; extremely dangerous in pregnancy due to risk of severe birth defects.
• ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Used for blood pressure; can harm kidney development and lead to pregnancy complications.
• Warfarin: A blood thinner that can cause bleeding complications and birth defects.

Navigating medication use during pregnancy can feel overwhelming, but knowledge is power. It’s crucial to discuss any medication—prescription, OTC, herbal, or supplement—with your healthcare provider. What’s safe in one trimester may not be safe in another, and individualized advice ensures both you and your baby are protected. With careful choices and medical guidance, many common pregnancy symptoms can be managed safely and effectively.

Prenatal testing is a crucial part of pregnancy care, offering important insights into the health of your baby and helping to prepare you for what lies ahead. With many types of tests available, it’s natural to feel overwhelmed. Understanding what these tests are, what they check for, and what the results may mean can empower you to make informed decisions throughout your pregnancy journey.

Highlights:

• Prenatal testing includes both screening and diagnostic tools to monitor your baby’s health and development.
• Most tests are routine and noninvasive, but diagnostic tests carry small risks and are typically optional.
• Understanding your options and results helps you make informed decisions with your provider.
• Test results aren’t always definitive—they may guide further testing or monitoring.
• Your values and preferences matter, and you have the right to accept or decline any test.

Why Prenatal Testing Matters

Prenatal tests help monitor the health and development of your baby and screen for potential conditions or complications. While many tests are routine, others are optional and offered based on your age, family history, or other risk factors.

There are two main categories of prenatal testing:

• Screening tests: These assess the risk of certain conditions but do not diagnose them.
• Diagnostic tests: These provide a definitive diagnosis, often following an abnormal screening result.

Types of Prenatal Tests

First Trimester

• Blood tests & Ultrasound (Nuchal Translucency Test): Done between 11–14 weeks, this combination screens for chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18. It measures fluid behind the baby’s neck and maternal hormone levels.
• Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): A blood test that analyzes fetal DNA in the mother’s blood. It’s highly accurate for detecting chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, trisomy 13, and trisomy 18. Typically available from 10 weeks on.

Second Trimester

• Quad Screen: A maternal blood test between weeks 15–22 that measures four substances to assess the risk of neural tube defects and chromosomal conditions.
• Anatomy Scan (20-week ultrasound): A detailed ultrasound that checks the baby’s organs, spine, brain, limbs, and more. It also reveals the baby’s sex if desired.

Third Trimester

• Group B Strep Test: Around 35–37 weeks, this swab test screens for a common bacteria that can be passed to the baby during delivery. If positive, antibiotics are given during labor.

Optional Diagnostic Tests

If screening tests show a higher risk or if you’re in a higher-risk category due to age or family history, your provider might recommend diagnostic testing:

• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Performed between 10–13 weeks. A small sample of placental tissue is taken to test for chromosomal abnormalities.
• Amniocentesis: Done between 15–20 weeks. It involves collecting a small amount of amniotic fluid to test for genetic and neural tube conditions.

Both tests carry a small risk of miscarriage, so they’re usually offered selectively.

Interpreting Results

Screening test results indicate risk—not a diagnosis. A “positive” result doesn’t mean your baby definitely has a condition, just that further testing may be recommended. Diagnostic tests can confirm or rule out specific conditions, but also come with considerations, like timing and potential risks.

It’s important to discuss any results with your healthcare provider, who can help you interpret them and decide next steps.

Ethical and Emotional Considerations

Prenatal testing is deeply personal. Some parents want all available information to prepare for a child with special needs or to make decisions about care. Others prefer minimal testing to reduce anxiety. There is no right or wrong approach—only what feels right for your family.

How to Prepare

• Ask questions: Don’t hesitate to clarify what each test is for and what the results could mean.
• Know your options: Some tests are covered by insurance, while others may not be.
• Consider genetic counseling: Especially if you have concerns about inherited conditions or previous pregnancy complications.

Prenatal testing is a valuable tool that can offer peace of mind, early insight, and essential information about your baby’s health. While navigating your options can feel complex, understanding the purpose, timing, and meaning of each test empowers you to make choices that align with your values and needs. Partner with your healthcare provider to determine the best approach for your pregnancy, and remember—no matter what you choose, the ultimate goal is a healthy, supported journey for both you and your baby.

Prenatal visits are a cornerstone of a healthy pregnancy. Whether you’re a first-time mom or expecting again, each check-up offers reassurance, guidance, and an opportunity to ensure both you and your baby are thriving. Understanding what happens at each visit can ease anxiety and help you feel more empowered in your pregnancy journey.

Highlights:

• Prenatal visits follow a regular schedule: Monthly until 28 weeks, biweekly until 36 weeks, then weekly until delivery.
• Early visits focus on establishing health baselines, including bloodwork, ultrasounds, and medical history reviews.
• Ongoing appointments monitor baby’s growth, fetal heartbeat, maternal weight, blood pressure, and urine to track pregnancy progress.
• Later visits prepare you for labor and delivery, including checking baby’s position, doing Group B strep testing, and reviewing your birth plan.
• Come prepared with questions and symptoms to make the most of each visit and ensure both you and your baby stay healthy.

Why Prenatal Visits Matter

These appointments are more than just routine—they are essential for tracking your baby’s development, catching potential issues early, and supporting your overall well-being. They also give you a chance to ask questions, share concerns, and build a relationship with your healthcare provider.

Frequency of Visits

Most prenatal care follows a general schedule:

• Weeks 4–28: One visit per month
• Weeks 28–36: One visit every two weeks
• Weeks 36–birth: One visit per week

Of course, this schedule may be adjusted if you have a high-risk pregnancy or specific medical needs.

What to Expect at Your Visits

First Prenatal Visit (Typically 6–8 Weeks)

This is usually the longest appointment. You can expect:

• Medical history review: Including menstrual cycle, past pregnancies, surgeries, and family health.
• Physical exam: Including pelvic exam, pap smear, weight, height, and blood pressure.
• Blood tests: To check for blood type, Rh factor, anemia, and infections.
• Urine sample: To test for signs of infection or conditions like gestational diabetes.
• Dating ultrasound: To confirm due date and check for multiples.
• Lifestyle counseling: About nutrition, exercise, supplements, and avoiding harmful substances.

You’ll likely also discuss prenatal vitamins and may receive educational material.

Second Trimester Visits (Weeks 13–27)

These appointments become more routine:

• Vitals check: Blood pressure, weight, and urine tests.
• Fundal height measurement: To track baby’s growth.
• Fetal heartbeat monitoring: Often with a Doppler device—many moms find this part emotional and exciting.
• Screening tests: These may include genetic testing and the anatomy scan around 18–22 weeks to assess baby’s organs, limbs, and gender (if desired).
• Symptom check: Your provider will ask about nausea, fatigue, swelling, or other changes.

These visits are also a great time to start discussing birthing classes and early birth plan ideas.

Third Trimester Visits (Weeks 28–40+)

Visits become more frequent and focused on labor preparation:

• Ongoing vitals and urine checks
• Fundal height and fetal position checks
• Group B strep test: Usually between 35–37 weeks.
• Cervical checks: To assess dilation and effacement as labor nears.
• Discussion of labor signs: Including when to call your provider or go to the hospital.
• Birth plan review: Including preferences for pain management, delivery methods, and postpartum care.

Some providers may do a non-stress test or additional ultrasounds if there are concerns about baby’s growth or movement.

Tips to Make the Most of Your Visits

• Keep a running list of questions in your phone or journal to bring up during your appointment.
• Bring your partner or support person—they can help you remember important info or advocate for your preferences.
• Be honest about your symptoms or concerns. There’s no such thing as TMI when it comes to your health and your baby’s.
• Track baby’s movements (especially in the third trimester) and report any noticeable changes.

Final Thoughts

Prenatal visits are a powerful tool in promoting a healthy pregnancy and reducing stress. Knowing what to expect at each stage allows you to focus more on bonding with your baby and preparing for the incredible transition into parenthood. If you ever feel confused or unsure, don’t hesitate to ask your provider for clarification—they’re there to support you every step of the way.