{"id":9478,"date":"2020-07-14T07:06:02","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T15:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.babysparks.com\/?p=9478"},"modified":"2020-11-05T07:27:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T15:27:40","slug":"study-spotlight-pretend-play-and-cognitive-skills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2020\/07\/14\/study-spotlight-pretend-play-and-cognitive-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Spotlight: Pretend Play and Cognitive Skills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-9480 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/20448a-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Pretend play and cognitive development\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/20448a-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/20448a-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/20448a.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pretend play, also referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.babysparks.com\/2017\/04\/28\/symbolic-play-imagination-comes-to-life\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>symbolic play<\/strong><\/a> or make-believe, has been around since&#8230;well, forever! For centuries, toddlers all over the world have engaged in pretend play without being taught to do so. Essentially, all humans are born with an innate ability to play make-believe!<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Stephanie Carlson and her colleagues at the <a href=\"https:\/\/connect.cehd.umn.edu\/the-power-of-play\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Institute of Child Development<\/strong><\/a> zeroed in on pretend play. They wanted to uncover pretend play\u2019s function and identify the ways in which a child\u2019s imagination can benefit their development. More specifically, they wanted to explore how pretend play connects to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.babysparks.com\/2017\/06\/16\/what-is-executive-function-how-can-i-nurture-it-in-my-child\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>executive function<\/strong><\/a>. Executive function skills are our ability to store and use information, exhibit self-control, and be flexible and adaptable in different situations. In other words, <em>super<\/em> important skills that can help children be successful in relationships, academics, careers, and many other areas of life.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em><strong>Highlights:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In a study on the link between pretend play and cognitive skills, researchers gave pre-schoolers a difficult task, and told them they could either simply work on figuring it out &#8211; or they could dress up as Batman and work on it.<\/li>\n<li>Children who chose to tackle the task while pretending to be Batman showed more flexible thinking skills, spent more time on the challenge, and were more focused and calm.<\/li>\n<li>An author of the study explained that \u201cpretending puts \u2018psychological distance\u2019 between a child and the task at hand&#8230; helping them step back from a problem and think about it from multiple angles.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Takeaways for parents and caregivers of toddlers? Imagining that they&#8217;re strong, powerful, and confident makes them <em>feel<\/em> strong, powerful, and confident!\u00a0Playing pretend is intricately linked to central cognitive (and life!) skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>The Batman Effect<\/h2>\n<p>To test pretend play\u2019s effects on executive function, Carlson and her team came up with an experiment that they call \u201cThe Batman Effect\u201d. Their study was inspired by the famous 1972 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.understood.org\/en\/learning-thinking-differences\/child-learning-disabilities\/executive-functioning-issues\/video-the-marshmallow-test-in-action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Marshmallow Test<\/strong><\/a> created by Walter Mischel at Standford University. The Marshmallow Test was designed to examine a child\u2019s ability to delay gratification and demonstrate self-control. The participants (children between ages 3 and 4) sat alone at a table and were given a marshmallow. They were told they could eat the marshmallow, or if they waited a few minutes, they could have two marshmallows when the experimenter returned. Follow-up studies showed that children who were able to wait had better life outcomes such as higher SAT scores, educational achievements, health, and other life measures.<\/p>\n<p>One strategy the children used to deal with the struggle of waiting was playing pretend. For instance, some would pretend to \u201cfeed\u201d their marshmallow to an imaginary friend to help pass the time. So, Carlson and her researchers decided to dig deeper into children&#8217;s make-believe technique. In their experiment, a toy was locked in a glass box and the children were given a set of keys to try to open it. However, none of the keys actually worked! Their goal was to see how the children handled the impossible task.<\/p>\n<p>The 4-year old participants were given a choice. They could keep trying to open the glass box or they could choose to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.babysparks.com\/2020\/04\/09\/dress-up-play-learning-through-imagination\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>dress up<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0as Batman (or Dora the Explorer) and continue the task. The results showed that the children who played make-believe showed more flexible thinking skills, spent more time on the challenge, and were more focused and calm. One participant boldly stated that \u201cBatman never gets frustrated\u201d. Carlson explains that \u201cpretending puts \u2018psychological distance\u2019 between a child and the task at hand. Pretending helps a child step back from a problem and think about it from multiple angles. It helps him see different options for finding a solution.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Takeaways from the Study<\/h2>\n<p>Even though this study involved 4 year-olds, The Batman Effect points to some wonderful conclusions about pretend play for all ages. When it comes to a toddler playing make-believe, we need to keep a few things in mind:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Children use the same brain networks when they play pretend and when they\u2019re in real-life situations. This means that when they imagine they\u2019re a superhero, they\u2019ll use those same neural networks when facing real challenges.<\/li>\n<li>Imagining that we\u2019re strong, powerful, and confident, makes us <em>feel<\/em> more strong, powerful, and confident! That\u2019s true for toddlers and adults!<\/li>\n<li>Playing pretend is a big part of building executive function skills. It\u2019s important for parents and caregivers to remember that this type of play is intricately linked to central cognitive (and life!) skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can find lots of fun pretend-play activities to do with your little one in our BabySparks program.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pretend play, also referred to as symbolic play or make-believe, has been around since&#8230;well, forever! For centuries, toddlers all over the world have engaged in pretend play without being taught<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[17,62,2024,3497,3599],"age":[2858,2859,2860,2861],"class_list":["post-9478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cognitive","tag-pretend-play","tag-cognitive-development","tag-executive-funciton","tag-symbolic-play","tag-child-2","age-25-27-months","age-28-30-months","age-31-33-months","age-34-36-months"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["en","es"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.2) - 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