{"id":4417,"date":"2019-08-17T05:38:07","date_gmt":"2019-08-17T13:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/?p=4417"},"modified":"2022-12-08T11:40:36","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T19:40:36","slug":"down-syndrome-cognitive-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2019\/08\/17\/down-syndrome-cognitive-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Down Syndrome &#038; Cognitive Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-4429 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/20239a-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Down syndrome and cognitive development\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/20239a-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/20239a-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/20239a-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/20239a.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>One of the goals of early childhood is getting a child ready to venture out in an educational environment, where new skills and friends await her. Because intellectual disability is characteristic of <a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2019\/07\/16\/down-syndrome-an-overview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Down syndrome (opens in a new tab)\">Down syndrome<\/a> (DS), children with DS need extra learning support. In this article we\u2019ll take a look at how DS affects learning, and how you can harness a child\u2019s strengths during the early years to help her reach her potential.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b><i>Highlights:\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Children with Down syndrome (DS) can benefit from extra learning support to help them reach their full potential.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Children with DS have common differences in several cognitive areas, and these all fall under the category of executive function skills.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Execute function skills that they tend to struggle with include:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paying attention.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inhibitory control (difficulty filtering and organizing information).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Short-term verbal memory.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Planning and organizing.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Switching between two tasks.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asking for help.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Routines can be extra powerful for children with DS. Knowing what to expect can reduce stress, reinforce memory, and help them feel capable and confident.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Down Syndrome Affects Learning<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>DS is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability. Although all children with DS are different in terms of severity of intellectual disability, they have common differences in several cognitive areas. These differences fall under the umbrella of <a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2017\/06\/16\/what-is-executive-function-how-can-i-nurture-it-in-my-child\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"executive function skills (opens in a new tab)\">executive function skills<\/a>, which act as a sort of air-traffic control system organizing the multitude of information in our brains so we can learn, plan, and carry out tasks.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>Executive function skills that children with DS tend to struggle with include:<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Attention<\/strong>, which interferes with staying engaged with a task and learning how to sequence activities in order to successfully learn multi-step skills (such as self-care routines like getting dressed, for example).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Inhibitory control<\/strong>, which makes it difficult to filter and organize information. Children with DS often struggle to understand what is important and what is irrelevant.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Short-term verbal memory<\/strong>, which interferes with learning by listening. This is why using visuals is so important for children with DS (more on this below).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Planning and organization<\/strong>, which interferes with learning and using problem-solving skills.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Switching mindset<\/strong>, which makes it difficult to switch between two tasks (focusing on a game, being distracted by a noise, and going right back to the game, for example).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Asking for help<\/strong> (also known as \u201cself-monitoring\u201d), which makes it hard for children with DS to monitor how a task is going and whether or not they need to ask for clarification or assistance.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cognitive Strengths of Children with Down Syndrome<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>Despite the common challenges mentioned above, children with DS have cognitive strengths, too, such as learning well through observation. They take in what\u2019s happening around them \u2013 ready to imitate and reap the rewards of joining in. They are motivated by positive reinforcement, so celebrating all the victories helps keep them motivated. And although their short-term verbal memory may be delayed (can link to DS language skills article here), children with DS are strong visual learners, so using visual cues such as pictures or gestures is essential.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Power of Routines<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>Routines promote learning for all children, but <a href=\"https:\/\/cdss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/CDSS-Educator-Package-English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"can be especially powerful (opens in a new tab)\">can be especially powerful<\/a> for those with DS. Knowing what to expect can help reduce stress and reinforce memory. Keep routine tasks organized in predictable steps to help your child feel capable and confident. For example, create a step-by-step list with images for brushing teeth and post it on the bathroom mirror.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When It\u2019s Time for School<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>Supporting your child\u2019s early learning is one way to prepare her for school, but her social emotional development is another key to school readiness. In this article you can read all about <a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2019\/08\/20\/down-syndrome-and-social-emotional-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"DS and social emotional development (opens in a new tab)\">DS and social emotional development<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] One of the goals of early childhood is getting a child ready to venture out in an educational environment, where new skills and friends await her. Because intellectual disability<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4429,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,25],"tags":[88,994,3599,3600,3602],"age":[2857,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,2858,2859,2860,2861],"class_list":["post-4417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cognitive","category-parenting","tag-cognitive","tag-learning","tag-child-2","tag-down-syndrome-2","tag-special-needs-2","age-pregnancy","age-0-3-months","age-4-6-months","age-7-9-months","age-10-12-months","age-13-15-months","age-16-18-months","age-19-21-months","age-22-24-months","age-25-27-months","age-28-30-months","age-31-33-months","age-34-36-months"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["en","es"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Down Syndrome &amp; 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