{"id":4301,"date":"2019-07-23T10:20:24","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T18:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/?p=4301"},"modified":"2020-12-04T11:25:11","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T19:25:11","slug":"referential-vs-expressive-language-which-style-is-your-toddler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2019\/07\/23\/referential-vs-expressive-language-which-style-is-your-toddler\/","title":{"rendered":"Referential vs. Expressive Language: Which Style is Your Toddler?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-4300 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20232a-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Referential vs. Expressive Language Style\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20232a-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20232a-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/babysparks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20232a.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Like many areas of development, language tends to evolve in similar ways for most children. When they\u2019re first learning words, though, there can be a divide: Some toddlers prefer a \u201creferential\u201d style of speaking, while others prefer an \u201cexpressive\u201d style. While some little ones blend the two styles, most favor one or the other. Research shows that culture can play a role in toddler language style: Mothers in the U.S., for example, tend to label objects, which encourages a referential style. In Japan, mothers often speak more socially to their babies, which lends itself to an expressive style.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i>Highlights:\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some toddlers prefer a referential style of speaking, while others prefer an expressive style.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toddlers who prefer a referential style:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use vocabulary to refer to things.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structure their speech with the goal of being understood.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Label objects and people.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use more single words and gradually build up to phrases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tend to interact more with adults than peers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toddlers who prefer an expressive style:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Talk a lot and are unconcerned if they\u2019re understood.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interact with both adults and peers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use language to express feelings, needs, and to socialize.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gradually break longer phrases down to single words.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having one style over the other doesn\u2019t impact overall growth, but it can affect how quickly vocabulary is acquired. Those with referential styles may learn vocabulary faster, while toddlers with expressive styles may add vocabulary at a slower but steady pace.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Neither style is better than the other, but the rate at which little ones add vocabulary may differ. We\u2019ll talk more about that below, but first let\u2019s explore what each style looks like.<\/p>\n<h2>Referential Style<\/h2>\n<p>Toddlers with a referential language style use vocabulary to refer to things. They label objects and people, and structure their speech with the goal of being understood. They tend to interact more with adults and less with peers. They use more single words, gradually building longer phrases and sentences from there. They may enjoy looking at books or pictures and labeling the objects and people they see.<\/p>\n<p>For little ones with this style, helpful supportive strategies include building on what they say. For example, if your little one sees a cat and says, \u201cCat!\u201d you can respond with something like: \u201cYes, it\u2019s a cat! Me-ow! Look how fuzzy it is.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Expressive Style<\/h2>\n<p>Toddlers with an expressive language style basically just go for it, talking on and on, unconcerned about whether or not they can be understood. They interact with both adults and peers, often speaking in a way that is unintelligible. They use fewer nouns and more social and functional words, like \u201chi\u201d or \u201cmine\u201d. Language is used mainly to express feelings and needs, and to socialize. Another tendency of expressive speech is to lump two words together into one (also known as \u201cunanalyzed wholes\u201d). For example, \u201callgone\u201d or \u201cstopit\u201d. These toddlers learn language by gradually breaking longer phrases and sentences into single words.<\/p>\n<p>Helpful supportive strategies for toddlers who prefer an expressive style include adjusting your own speech to emphasize certain words. For example, if a toddler says: \u201cIwannagosto,\u201d you can say: \u201cOh, you <em>want <\/em>to go to <em>the store.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>How Language Style Can Impact Vocabulary Growth<\/h2>\n<p>Having a referential or expressive language style doesn\u2019t impact the overall growth of a little one\u2019s vocabulary, but it can affect <em>how quickly<\/em> vocabulary is acquired. Toddlers with a referential style may have a vocabulary \u201cboom\u201d around age 18 months, while those with an expressive style may add vocabulary a slower, but steady, pace.<\/p>\n<p>Are you interested in learning more about speech development? You may want to check out our articles on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2016\/06\/24\/bilingual-baby-why-you-want-to-start-now\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Raising bilingual children<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2017\/02\/22\/how-to-introduce-solid-foods-at-the-right-times\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How speech milestones correspond with the types of food your little one can eat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2017\/07\/03\/the-evolution-of-babbling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How babbling evolves<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2017\/07\/03\/babble-back-how-meaningful-responses-to-babbling-boost-language-skills\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How thoughtful responses to babbling boost language development<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2017\/09\/09\/the-30-million-word-gap-what-it-means-for-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How the number of words a child hears significantly impacts his vocabulary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2018\/02\/14\/the-evolution-of-speech-12-24-months\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The evolution of first words<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/babysparks.com\/2019\/07\/22\/study-spotlight-the-wug-test-what-does-your-toddler-understand-about-plurals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What toddlers do and don\u2019t understand about plurals<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Like many areas of development, language tends to evolve in similar ways for most children. When they\u2019re first learning words, though, there can be a divide: Some toddlers prefer a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,23],"tags":[8,29,33,37,1687,3291,3599],"age":[68,69,70,71,2858,2859,2860,2861],"class_list":["post-4301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-speech","category-social-emotional","tag-language-skills","tag-language","tag-speech","tag-talk","tag-toddler","tag-social-emotional-2","tag-child-2","age-13-15-months","age-16-18-months","age-19-21-months","age-22-24-months","age-25-27-months","age-28-30-months","age-31-33-months","age-34-36-months"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["en","es"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Referential vs. Expressive Language: Which Style is Your Toddler? 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